Kesen Ma, Department of Biology University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue WestWaterloo,Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. B.Sc, Microbiology, Wuhan University. M.Sc, Microbiology, Academia Sinica. Ph.D, Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps-Universitat Marburg. May 1985- May 1986, Max-Planck-Institute fellow, Department of Biology-Microbiology of the Philipps-Universität Marburg, F. R. Germany. April 1989- Dec. 1990, Research Associate, Institute for Microbiology of the Department of Biology, Philipps- Universität Marburg, F. R. Germany. Jan. 1991- March 1995, Post-doctoral Research Associate, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Metalloenzyme Study, USA. April 1995- Oct. 1998, Assistant Research Scientist, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Metalloenzyme Study, University of Georgia, USA. Nov. 1998- Dec. 1999, Graduate Faculty, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, USA. July 2007- Sept. 2007, Visiting Professor, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Germany. Jan. 2000- Present, Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of Waterloo.